What is SS-31?
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a small peptide that targets the inner membrane of mitochondria, the parts of the cell that produce energy. Branded elamipretide received accelerated approval in 2025 for Barth syndrome, a rare genetic condition, and that approval does not extend to compounded SS-31, which is different from an FDA-approved product and is not FDA-approved.
These articles cover the science, the trials, side effects, and how SS-31 compares with other mitochondrial peptides. It is prescription-only: a licensed provider reviews every request, and not everyone qualifies.
10 articles on this topic
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TAZPOWER Trial: What the Results Actually Show
TAZPOWER missed its main walking and fatigue goals against placebo. Longer follow-up reported gains, with enough uncertainty to require another trial.
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MMPOWER-3 Trial: Walking and Fatigue Goals Not Met
After 24 weeks, elamipretide did not beat placebo on walking distance or fatigue. A later genetic subgroup finding led to another trial, not a new verdict.
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Forzinity Prescribing Information: Plain English
Forzinity’s label covers Barth syndrome, a daily injection, and specific safety limits. Here’s what each section means.
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SS-31 News: October 2026 Update
Forzinity's follow-up trial is underway. Fresh mouse and cell studies add research questions, while the label remains limited to Barth syndrome.
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Forzinity Approval: One Year Later
On September 19, 2025, Forzinity became the first treatment for Barth syndrome through accelerated approval. A year later, that narrow decision still rests on a required confirmatory trial.
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SS-31 Side Effects: What the Trials Found
SS-31 most often caused redness, itching, pain, or swelling where it was injected. Most reactions in trials were mild to moderate, but the label also warns about allergic reactions that can become serious.
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SS-31 Protocol: What the Trials Actually Used
There is no single SS-31 cycle supported by human research. The useful evidence is narrower: a labeled plan for one rare disease and several trial schedules that cannot be copied into personal dosing advice.
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SS-31 and MOTS-c: Can You Take Them Together?
They are both mitochondrial peptides, and that is about where the similarity stops. No published trial has given people both at once — here is what each one has behind it.
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SS-31 Benefits: What Human Trials Actually Show
The clearest human evidence for SS-31 is narrow: muscle-strength findings in people with Barth syndrome. Larger trials in other mitochondrial, heart, and eye conditions have produced mixed or negative primary results.
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SS-31 Peptide: A Patient's Guide to Elamipretide
SS-31 and elamipretide are two names for the same four-amino-acid peptide, and its branded injectable form received accelerated approval from the FDA on September 19, 2025 for a single ultra-rare genetic disease.